Hukum Keluarga di Pakistan : Sebuah Studi Kepustakaan
Abstract
The Pakistan emerged as a separate nation from India in 1947, following the end of British colonial rule. Prior to independence, legal frameworks in the region were heavily influenced by British law. The development of family law in Pakistan was preceded by intense debates among the country's political and religious elites regarding the nation's identity—whether it should become a secular state for Muslims or a fully Islamic state. These debates persisted even during the enactment of the Muslim Family Laws Ordinance (MFLO) in 1961, which many viewed as a compromise between modernist and conservative Muslim factions in the country. This study aims to examine the background and factors that influenced the formation of family law in Pakistan, beginning with the country’s socio-political context and the historical process behind the drafting of its family law regulations. This research employs a qualitative approach using library research methods, sourcing data from books, academic journals, articles, research reports, and other relevant literature. The findings reveal three main points. First, prior to its establishment, Pakistan was part of British India and declared independence due to Muslim concerns over Hindu dominance in a post-colonial India. Second, before the introduction of new laws, Pakistan applied earlier legislation such as the Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act (1939) and the Child Marriage Restraint Act (1929). Third, after independence, Pakistan introduced the Muslim Family Laws Ordinance (MFLO) in 1961, which addressed key issues such as the minimum age of marriage, marriage registration, dowry (mahr), polygamy, divorce procedures, and the concept of substitute heirs. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how socio-religious and political dynamics have shaped the evolution of family law in Pakistan, reflecting both colonial legacies and internal ideological negotiations within the Muslim community.
Keywords: Islamic Law in Pakistan, Formation of Family Law
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