Logika Maqashid: Implementasi Maqāṣid Al-Sharī‘Ah Dalam Konteks Hukum Kontemporer

Abstract

Logic or al-Mantiq is a fundamental instrument in maintaining common sense and directing humans to think rationally, critically, and systematically. Derived from the Greek word logos and in Arabic from the word nataqa, logic plays an important role as a tool in various disciplines, including in understanding and formulating Islamic law. In Islam, logic is known as al-Mantiq al-Islami, which functions as a method of reasoning in revealing the intent and purpose of sharia (maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah). This paper discusses the role of logic in supporting the understanding of maqashid sharia, a concept of Islamic law that emphasizes protection of five main aspects of life: religion, soul, mind, descendants, and property. The thoughts of figures such as Imam al-Ghazali show how logic and revelation can synergize in the process of legal istinbat. In addition, the application of logic in a contemporary context, such as the issue of gender justice, shows the relevance and urgency of the maqashid approach in responding to the challenges of the times. By adopting a deductive and inductive logical approach, Islamic thinkers have made al-Mantiq al-Syari'ah the foundation for building laws that are just, rational, and oriented towards the welfare of the people.