Keadilan dan Moderasi dalam Interaksi Muslim–Non-Muslim: Analisis Hukum terhadap Hadis Larangan Memulai Salam

Abstract

The Prophet's hadith about the prohibition of initiating greetings with the People of the Book is often understood literally and creates an impression of exclusivity in interfaith relations. However, from a moderate Islamic legal perspective, the hadith contains a contextual social ethical message. This study aims to re-examine the meaning of the hadith "لَا تَبْدَؤُوا الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى بِالسَّلَامِ" , through a thematic approach (mawḍū‘ī) and maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah to find the principles of justice and moderation in Muslim-non-Muslim interactions. This research method uses qualitative literature analysis using the techniques of takhrīj al-ḥadīṡ, syarḥ, and istinbāṭ al-ḥukm. The results show that this hadith has the status of saḥīḥ but is contextual, emerging in a specific socio-political situation in Medina that demands the identity and honor of Muslims. From the perspective of contemporary Islamic law, this prohibition is not discriminatory but serves to maintain social dignity without eliminating the obligation to act justly and have good morals towards non-Muslims. In conclusion, this hadith actually strengthens the principles of moderation and universal justice in Islamic law, in accordance with the objectives of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, which upholds the welfare, tolerance, and social peace.