Analisis Yuridis Penerapan Methode Scientific Crime dalam Pembuktian Delik Pembunuhan
Abstract
Evidence is a crucial aspect in the criminal justice system because it determines whether a crime is proven or not, including in cases of murder. Along with the development of science and technology, the Scientific Crime Investigation (SCI) method has emerged as a modern investigative approach that prioritizes scientific evidence to uncover material truth. This study aims to: (1) analyze the legal provisions of the Scientific Crime Investigation (SCI) method in proving murder crimes; (2) examine the application of this method in the field; and (3) describe its implications for the criminal evidence system in Indonesia. The research methods used are normative juridical and empirical juridical. The normative juridical approach is used to examine the legal basis which includes the Criminal Procedure Code, Law Number 2 of 2002 concerning the Indonesian National Police, and various technical police regulations governing the use of scientific evidence. Meanwhile, the empirical juridical approach is used to describe the practice of applying Scientific Crime Investigation (SCI) in investigating murder cases through field data collection and interviews. The analysis is conducted descriptively and qualitatively to assess the conformity between normative provisions and the reality of implementation. The research findings indicate that the Scientific Crime Investigation method has a strong legal basis in the Indonesian criminal justice system and plays a crucial role in strengthening evidence based on material truth. The application of Scientific Crime Investigation (SCI) in the field includes crime scene security, physical evidence collection, forensic examination, digital reconstruction, and the preparation of case files based on scientific evidence. Although proven to increase the effectiveness of investigations, its implementation remains hampered by limited laboratory facilities, human resources, and coordination between law enforcement agencies. In terms of implications, the application of the Scientific Crime Investigation (SCI) method strengthens the legal negative evidence system (negative wettelijk stelsel) by providing an objective basis for judicial convictions, preventing wrongful convictions, ensuring the protection of human rights, and increasing public trust in the criminal justice system. Thus, the Scientific Crime Investigation (SCI) method serves not only as a technical instrument but also as a symbol of the modernization of criminal law based on science and technology. The application of Scientific Crime Investigation (SCI) is a strategic step towards a transparent, accountable, and substantively just justice system.
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