Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Hak Masyarakat Adat dalam Pengelolaan Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional di Minahasa dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Daerah
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the protection gaps in existing national regulations, identify relevant Minahasa local wisdom values pertaining to the management of TCEs, and formulate an effective and participatory model for a Regional Regulation. The research employs an empirical legal method with a socio-legal approach, combining doctrinal analysis of national legislation, such as Law No. 5 of 2017 on the Advancement of Culture and Law No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright, with empirical data obtained through in-depth interviews with traditional leaders, cultural practitioners, and local government officials, as well as field observations in Minahasa indigenous communities. The results reveal that the current national legal framework fails to provide adequate and comprehensive protection, tends to be declarative, and does not explicitly regulate mechanisms for benefit-sharing, prior and informed consent, or recognition of the rights of Minahasa indigenous communities as owners of TCEs. Based on these findings, the study concludes that the establishment of a sui generis Regional Regulation is imperative. The proposed Regional Regulation draft should explicitly recognize the Minahasa indigenous people as legal subjects, establish mechanisms for the registration and inventory of TCEs, provide protection for geographical indications associated with TCEs, include provisions for fair benefit-sharing, and impose strict sanctions for violations. Its implementation needs to be supported by the establishment of a management body that includes proportional representation from the indigenous community. The policy recommendations put forward are that the local government should immediately prioritize the discussion of this draft Regional Regulation by actively involving the indigenous community from the planning stage onwards, and conduct massive socialization to build collective legal awareness. This research is expected to serve as an academic reference and a policy foundation for strengthening cultural resilience and social justice for the Minahasa indigenous people amidst the currents of globalization.
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