Tanggung Jawab Hukum Korporasi atas Pencemaran Lingkungan : Analisis Yuridis terhadap Konsep Pertanggung Jawaban dalam Undang-Undang Uo. 32 tahun 2009 dan Peraturan Pelaksanaanya
Abstract
Environmental pollution caused by corporations remains a crucial issue in the context of sustainable development in Indonesia. Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management (UUPPLH), along with its derivative regulations, provides a legal basis that regulates administrative, civil, and criminal liability mechanisms for corporations. This study aims to examine the legal construction of corporate responsibility for environmental pollution and the level of effectiveness of its application, with an emphasis on the implementation of the Polluter Pays, Strict Liability, and Precautionary Principles. The methodological approach applied is normative legal research through the analysis of legislation, concepts, and cases, utilizing secondary legal sources and studies of court decisions. The findings indicate that the regulatory framework has shaped corporate responsibility comprehensively, as reflected in the strengthening of legal instruments through Government Regulations and Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2023. A case analysis of PT Bintang Warna Mandiri reveals the application of the Polluter Pays and Strict Liability principles through Supreme Court Decision Number 4860 K/Pdt/2022. However, law enforcement still faces obstacles such as weak supervision, inconsistency in the application of principles, and limited coordination between institutions. This study concludes that although regulations have improved, the effectiveness of corporate legal responsibility for environmental pollution requires increased intensity of supervision, harmonization of enforcement, and consistency in the application of environmental law principles. This study concludes that although regulations have improved, the effectiveness of corporate legal responsibility for environmental pollution requires increased supervision, harmonization of enforcement, and consistency in the application of environmental law principles.
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