Penyelesaian Utang Piutang Macet Dalam Tinjauan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah (Studi Pada UMKM Kelurahan Garuntang Bandar Lampung)

Abstract

Debt is a form of muamalah that is permissible in Islam when it is based on justice, mutual consent, and the spirit of mutual assistance. This study aims to analyze the practice of resolving non-performing debts among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Garuntang Sub-district, Bandar Lampung City, and to assess its conformity with the principles of Islamic economic law. The research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical and empirical juridical approach, using interviews, observations, and a literature review. The findings indicate that non-performing debts are resolved through collection efforts, the provision of grace periods, and gradual repayment. However, in some cases, creditors unilaterally seize goods or assets belonging to debtors without proper debt documentation and without an agreed collateral at the outset of the contract. Such practices are inconsistent with the principles of qardh, justice, and the prohibition of unlawful appropriation of property. This study emphasizes the importance of proper debt documentation, the clear stipulation of collateral from the beginning, and dispute resolution through deliberation in accordance with Islamic principles and positive law.