Politik Hukum Penambahan Kementerian dan Transformasi Sistem Pemerintahan Indonesia pada Era Joko Widodo dan Prabowo Subianto

Abstract

This article examines the legal and political considerations underlying the expansion of ministerial institutions during the administrations of Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto, as well as the implications of this expansion for bureaucratic effectiveness and the principles of good governance in Indonesia. Employing a normative-juridical approach combined with comparative analysis, the study analyzes constitutional provisions, statutory regulations, and policy frameworks governing the formation and restructuring of ministries across the two administrations. The findings indicate a significant shift in governance orientation from a traditional bureaucratic model toward a more technocratic approach. This shift reflects an adaptive response to increasingly complex global challenges, including economic transformation, digitalization, and geopolitical dynamics. While both administrations pursued ministerial expansion as a strategy to enhance state capacity and policy coordination, their legal-political orientations demonstrate notable differences. Joko Widodo’s administration emphasized functional specialization and sectoral efficiency, whereas Prabowo Subianto’s approach places stronger emphasis on strategic consolidation, national resilience, and political accommodation. Despite these differences, both administrations share a common objective: improving governmental efficiency, policy responsiveness, and administrative performance. However, the study also highlights potential risks associated with ministerial proliferation, such as overlapping authority, increased fiscal burden, and weakened accountability mechanisms. Therefore, ministerial expansion must be accompanied by clear legal frameworks, institutional coherence, and performance-based evaluation to ensure alignment with good governance principles.