The Integration of Spirituality and Ethics in the Construction of Tawhid-Based Ecotheology

Syawaluddin Hanafi; Andi Yaqub; Rahmatun Nair; Abdul Muid Nawawi; Arini Pratiwi; Muspita Sari

doi:10.33648/ijoaser.v9i1.1458

Syawaluddin Hanafi Institut Agama Islam Negeri Bone, Indonesia
Andi Yaqub Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kendari, Indonesia
Rahmatun Nair Institut Agama Islam Negeri Bone, Indonesia
Abdul Muid Nawawi Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia
Arini Pratiwi Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kendari, Indonesia
Muspita Sari Institut Agama Islam Negeri Bone, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33648/ijoaser.v9i1.1458

Keywords: Ecotheology, Cosmic Tawhid, Khalifah, Mīzān, Ecological Ethics

Abstract

This study aims to reconstruct the paradigm of ecotheology as a response to the global ecological crisis rooted in anthropocentrism and the secularization of the relationship between humans and nature. The research employs a qualitative method using a literature review approach and hermeneutical analysis of Islamic theological sources, particularly the concepts of cosmic tawhid, khalifah (stewardship), mīzān (balance), the prohibition of fasād (corruption/destruction), and ihsan (moral excellence). The findings indicate that an ideal ecotheological paradigm should be developed through the integration of spiritual awareness, ecological ethics, and sustainable social praxis. Ecotheology functions not merely as an environmental ethic, but as an epistemological foundation and civilizational orientation that affirms the interconnectedness of humans, nature, and God. The resulting operational model of ecotheology positions spirituality as the basis of ecological consciousness, ethics as moral regulation, and ecological action as its concrete implementation in social life.

References

Ahmad Sururi, Arqom Kuswanjono, A. H. U. (2020). Ecological sufism concepts in the thought of Seyyed Hossein Nasr. Research, Society and Development, 09(10), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8611

Daroini, A. S., Anna, D. N., & Thofhani, L. N. A. (n.d.). Harmonisasi Harmonisasi Manusia dengan Alam pada Praktik Ekologi Masyarakat Pesisir Paciran. Mukaddimah: Jurnal Studi Islam, 10(2), 450–465.

Faza, I., & Mufid, F. (2025). Kapitalisme dan Ketidakadilan Global: Kajian Pemikiran Ellen Meiksins Wood dalam

Ekonomi Islam. Kutubkhanah, 25(1), 102–114.

Gufron, A. (2016). Islam dan Konservasi Lingkungan (Telaah Pemikiran Fikih Lingkungan Yusuf Al-Qaradhawi). Millah: Journal of Religious Studies, 6(2 SE-Articles), 55–76. https://doi.org/10.20885/millah.vol6.iss2.art5

Haris, Y. S., Sugiara, L. R., Fauzi, A., & Salikurrahman, L. M. (2025). Ecological Critique of Modernity in the Qur’anic Perspective: HumanResponsibility toward the Environment and Relevance to the SDGs. Al-Misykah: Jurnal Studi Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir, 6(2), 323–342.

Khoirul Umam, Ahmad Havid Jakiyudin, Muhammad Sovian Hidayat, I. A. R. (2024). Arne Naess’s Though on Environtmental Ethics in Islamic Perspektif. Kalam, 18(01), 57–76. https://doi.org/10.24042/002024181874600

Mannan, A. (2018). Transformasi nilai-nilai tauhid dalam perkembangan sains dan teknologi. Aqidah-Ta: Jurnal Ilmu Aqidah, 4(2), 252–268.

Mudin, M. I., Ouannes, M. H., & Saputri, N. (2025). Paradigma Dominasi Vis As Vis Harmoni Atas Alam: Studi Kritis Perspektif Teo-Ekologi Islam. Academic Journal of Islamic Principles and Philosophy, 6(1), 91–124.

Muizuddin, W. dan. (2023). Ekoteologi dalam Menyikapi Krisis Ekologi di Indonesia Perspektif Seyyed Hossein Nasr. Refleksi Jurnal Kajian Agama Dan Filsafat, 22(1), 180–198. https://doi.org/10.15408/ref.v22i1.31403

Noviani, D. (2024). Ayat-Ayat Al-Qur’an tentang Lingkungan; Perspektif Islam dalam Menjaga Kelestarian Alam. Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains, 7(11), 4367–4381.

Prakosa, Y. A. (2025). Ironi Religiusitas: Refleksi Kritis atas Gerakan Ekologis Agama-Agama. Jurnal Teologi Cultivation, 9(2), 452–476.

Ramadhan, S. A., & Anwar, K. (2025). Meregenerasi konsep fikih al-bi’ah dalam dunia pendidikan: Program Adiwiyata berbasis PAI progresif sebagai upaya membumikan karakter cinta lingkungan. Jurnal Intelektualita: Keislaman, Sosial, Dan Sains, 13(1).

Rizk, R. R. (2014). Islamic Environmental Ethics. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 5(2), 194–204. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-09-2012-0060

Saniotis, A. (2012). Muslims and ecology: fostering Islamic environmental ethics. Contemporary Islam, 6(2), 155–171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11562-011-0173-8

Sarah, S., & Hambali, R. Y. A. (2023). Ekofilosofi" Deep Ecology" Pandangan Ekosentrisme terhadap Etika Deep Ecology. Gunung Djati Conference Series, 19, 754–761.

Saumantri, T., & Ismail, A. U. (2025). Hermeneutic’s Ibn Arabi: An Alternative in Understanding Texts for Islamic Moderation. Refleksi Jurnal Filsafat Dan Pemikiran Islam, 24(2), 93–119.

Sihombing, E. S. (2019). Reposisi Paradigma terhadap Alam Semesta: Tawaran Refleksi Filosofis dan Teologis. Societas Dei: Jurnal Agama Dan Masyarakat, 6(1), 87.

Surahman, S. (2021). Basis Teologis Bagi Ekologi di Indonesia. Nusantara; Journal for Southeast Asian Islamic Studies, 17(1), 50–61.

Suteja, H. (2009). Reconstruction of Religion and Ecology Discourse (Rekonstruksi Agama Dan Ekologi). Available at SSRN 1484565.

Taufikin, Y. (2025). ECOLOGICAL LITERACY IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION : Strengthening Environmental Awareness Through Tauhid-Based Learning. Madania, Jurnal Kajian Keislaman, 29(1), 187–204. https://doi.org/10.29300/madania.v29i1.7741

Wasil, W., & Muizudin, M. (2023). Ekoteologi dalam Menyikapi Krisis Ekologi di Indonesia Perspektif Seyyed Hossein Nasr. Refleksi: Jurnal Kajian Agama Dan Filsafat, 22(1), 179–202.

White, L. (1967). The Historical Roots of Our Ecologic Crisis. Science, 155(3767), 1203–1207. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.155.3767.1203

Willya, E., Mokodenseho, S., Yusuf, N., & Mokodompit, G. (2023). Etika dan Prinsip Pengelolaan Lingkungan dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam: Kajian Filosofis, Fenomenologis, dan Normatif. I’tisham: Journal of Islamic Law and Economics, 2(1).

Yakub, M., Firmansyah, O., & Muhajir, A. (2023). Exploring Islamic spiritual ecology in Indonesia: Perspectives from Nahdlatul Ulama’s progressive intellectuals. Journal for the Study of Spirituality, 13(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/20440243.2023.2238203

Yudha Nugraha Manguju. (2022). Membangun Kesadaran Sebagai Manusia Spiritual-Ekologis Dalam Menghadapi Krisis Ekologi di Toraja. Sophia: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristen, 3(1), 29–49. https://doi.org/10.34307/sophia.v3i1.66

Zuhdi, M. H. (2015). Fiqh al-bî’ah: Tawaran Hukum Islam dalam Mengatasi Krisis Ekologi. Al-’Adalah, 12(3), 771–784. https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v12i2.213

Zulfikar, E., & Azkiya, N. (2023). Eko-Teologi dalam Tafsir al-Azhar: Upaya Hamka dalam Membangun Paradigma dan Berkesadaran Lingkungan. Proceeding International Conference on Quranic Studies.