Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pukulan Forehand dalam Permainan Tenis Meja melalui Metode Kooperatif Tipe Stad Pada Peserta Didik Kelas V SD Negeri Inti Loru

Abstract

This classroom action research aims to determine whether the STAD (Student Team Achievement Division) cooperative learning model can improve forehand stroke learning outcomes among fifth-grade students at Inti Loru State Elementary School. The study was implemented in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection phases. The subjects were all 16 fifth-grade students. Instruments included performance test rubrics for forehand stroke, teacher activity observation sheets, student activity observation sheets, and documentation.Initial test results (pre-test) indicated a classical completeness of only 19% with a class average of 53, revealing the need for instructional intervention. After Cycle I actions, classical completeness rose to 56% (class mean 70.2) but still fell short of the success indicator (≥ 80%). Following refinements in Cycle II—more varied group exercises and targeted attention to low achievers—classical completeness markedly improved to 94% with a class average of 78.6.The progressive improvement across cycles demonstrates that STAD is effective in enhancing technical forehand skills. Observed gains appeared across preparatory phase, execution phase, and follow-through phase of the stroke. Practically, PE teachers may adopt STAD to boost student engagement, motivation, and motor skills in table tennis instruction.